Fedor Kovalevich (Федор Ковалевич; Frank Kowalawich; Kowalowich)
Born 1896, Grodno, Russia (present-day Belarus). Rubber worker. Migrated to US 1914. Spent almost a year in the US Army stationed at Camp Sheridan and Camp Jackson (Alabama). Joined the Union of Russian Workers branch in Akron, Ohio in April 1919. Employee of B. F. Goodrich. Explained to immigration agents: “By Internationalism I mean that there should not be different countries or different nations.” Deported on the Buford.
INS file 54709/534; FBI file OG 376750
Iakov Kovalevich (Иаков Ковалевич; Jacob Kowalewich; John)
Born 1889, Minsk, Russia (present-day Belarus). Laborer. Migrated to US 1913. Wife in Russia. Former member of the Socialist Party of America; joined the Union of Russian Workers in Hartford, Connecticut, September 1919. Arrested during the first Palmer Raids, November 1919. Deported on the Buford.
INS file 54709/402
Ilya Kovalsky (Louis Kowalsky; Kuznetz)
Member of the Union of Russian Workers arrested in Ansonia, Connecticut during the first Palmer Raids, November 1919. Deported on the Buford.
INS file 54709/496 (incomplete file)
Józef Kowalski (Joseph; Joe; aka A. Gorny; aka Jan Gómy)
Born 1890, Łódź, Russia (present-day Poland). Silk weaver; editor. A member of the Left faction of the Polska Partia Socjalistyczna (Polish Socialist Party); distributed illegal literature and. Arrested in Łódź in 1907 for assaulting a foreman; spent three years in a Russian prison. Under surveillance upon release. Migrated to US 1913. Worked as a silk weaver in Paterson, New Jersey. Joined the Polish Section of the Socialist Party of America; participated in strikes in Passaic, New Jersey and Philadelphia. By 1919 he was secretary of the Polish Federation of the SPA; on the executive board of the newspaper Głos Robotniczy (Workers’ Voice); and a delegate to the founding convention of the Communist Party of America in Chicago. A member of the CP’s central committee and secretary of its Polish Burea; arrested in Kansas City, Missouri, September 1919 for making a “disloyal and inflammatory speech” and imprisoned for “unlawful assembly,” and deported to Poland upon his release, March 17, 1921.
Wife and child joined him in Moscow, where he briefly became a “court investigator” for Butyrka Prison in Moscow (used for political prisoners). Participated in the Third Congress of the Comintern in July 1921 under the name “Jan Gómy.” Illegally returned to the US via Canada in 1922 to organize on behalf of the Comintern; arrested in New York August 1922 and sentenced to 18 months in federal prison. However, after his release both the Polish and the Russian governments refused to issue passports for his deportation, so he remained free on bail. A member of the Executive Board of the CP, and administrator of Communist newspaper Glos Ludowy (The People’s Voice), founded 1923. Settled in Detroit. In the 1930s Kowalsky was a district manger for the CP’s Daily Worker and one of the section leaders of District No. 7 of the CP, and in 1936-1938 he coedited the monthly newspaper Trybuna. Participated in 1938 “sit-down” strikes. Returned to Poland in 1949; joined the Polish Communist party (Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza) and served in various administrative posts. One source claims he became a member of the Sejm (Polish parliament), but this appears to be false. Died 1960 in Łódź.
INS file 54709/486 (file missing); FBI file OG 8000-143411
See also: New York Herald, August 9, 1922; Don Binkowski Papers, Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University; Jacob Spolansky, The Communist Trail in America; Don Binkowski, Poles Together: Leo Krzycki and Polish Americans in the American Labor Movement; Zygmunt Pietrzak, “Kowalski Józef (1890-1960),” Słownik biograficzny działaczy polskiego ruchu robotniczego, vol. 3
Matthew Kozario (Kosaric; Kosario; Kozaric)
Deported to Yugoslavia, April 14, 1920. No further information found.
Including on list of deported radicals in INS file 54325/36G
Ivan Kozlik (Iwan; aka John Cozich; Gustko)
Born 1893, Kiev, Russia. Machinist. Migrated to US 1908. Joined the Union of Russian Workers in Elizabeth, New Jersey, in 1917. Arrested in New York during the first Palmer Raids, November 1919. Deported on the Buford.
INS file 54709/363
Vasil Kozlov (Василь Козлов; Kozlow)
Born 1893, Gomel, Russia (present-day Belarus). Miner. Migrated to US 1911. Like many URW members, had worked on a farm in Russia, but “There were many people in the village where I lived and they received letters telling that we could make more money in America, so I decided to come.” Worked as a hauler in Jamison no. 9 coal mine in Farmington, West Virginia. A member of the United Mine Workers, and joined the Union of Russian Workers in 1919. Arrested December 1, 1919. Deported on the Buford.
INS file 54709/601; FBI file OG 8000-379018
Vasily Kozlovch (Wasily)
Born 1896, Grodno, Russia (present-day Belarus). Migrated to US 1913. Machinist. Joined the Socialist Party, then a aember of Detroit’s Russian Branch No. 1 of the Communist Party. Deported to Russia, February 26, 1921. Arrested January 1920; held at Fort Wayne. Deported February 26, 1921.
INS file 54860/379
Osip Kozorez (Осип Козорез; aka Joseph Koza; Joe Koza)
Born 1881, Minsk, Russia (present-day Belarus). Migrated to US 1914. Wife and four children in Russia. Joined the Union of Russian Workers in Newark in January 1919. Arrested during the first Palmer Raids, November 1919. Participated in five-day hunger strike on Ellis Island to protest installation of a wire screen separating detainees from visitors. Deported on the Buford.
INS file 54709/342; FBI file OG 379013
Ivan Kozy (Иван Козы; John)
Born 1894, Uman, Russia (present-day Ukraine). Laborer. Migrated to Canada 1914; crossed into the US at Niagara Falls in March 1919. Joined the Union of Russian Workers in Philadelphia. Arrested during the first Palmer Raids, November 1919. Deported on the Buford.
INS file 54709/332
