S. G. Chestyakov (a.k.a. Gregory Chestikoff; Chestiakoff; Harry Chesniuk)

Born: c. 1893, Chernihiv province, Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine)
Nationality: Russian
Ethnicity: Ukrainian
Occupation: Laborer
Migration: Immigrated to US 1913
Affiliation: Union of Russian Workers

His wife and child remained in Russia when he emigrated. Became a member of the Union of Russian Workers in Donora, Pennsylvania. He was arrested there on September 1, 1920, reportedly after being identified either by an undercover Bureau of Investigation agent or, according to contemporary accounts, betrayed by a fellow URW member. During his arrest, Chestyakov and fellow activist John Sergeyenko were reportedly beaten severely by police, and anarchist literature was found in his possession. Tried and convicted under Pennsylvania’s Sedition Law and sentenced to one year in the Allegheny County Workhouse. Deported on February 26, 1921.

Sources: INS file 54885/30; FBI file OG 389087; Volna (New York), May 1921 (with thanks to Malcolm Archibald).

Andrey Chigraev (a.k.a. Andy Chigraeff)

Born: 1891, Russia
Nationality: Russian
Ethnicity: Ukrainian
Occupation: Miner; laborer
Migration: Immigrated to US 1913
Affiliation: Socialist Party of America; Union of Russian Workers

Belonged to the Greek Orthodox Church before emigrating to the United States in 1913; his wife remained in Russia. After joining the Ukrainian Branch of the Socialist Party of America in 1918, he became a member of the Monessen, Pennsylvania branch of the Union of Russian Workers in 1919. An undercover officer reported that Chigraev actively participated in political debates focused on socialism and anarchism, and Chigraev admitted to anarchist beliefs. Arrested while on strike at the mill where he was employed and was subsequently deported on the Buford on December 21, 1919.

Sources: INS file 54709/478.

Leon Chikalyuk (or Chikaliuk; a.k.a. Leo Chrikaluik)

Born: 1890, Russia (somewhere in present-day Ukraine)
Nationality: Russian
Ethnicity: Ukrainian
Occupation: Laborer
Migration: Migrated to Canada 1914; then to US 1915
Affiliation: Union of Russian Workers

His wife and son remained in Russia when he emigrated. Joined the Monessen, Pennsylvania branch of the Union of Russian Workers in 1919. Arrested during the first Palmer Raids in November 1919 while participating in a strike at a tool mill. Deported on the Buford on December 21, 1919.

Sources: INS file 54709/516.

Stepan Chinevich (or Hinievich)

Born: 1886, Minsk, Russia (present-day Belarus)
Nationality: Russian
Ethnicity: Belarusian
Occupation: Laborer
Migration: Immigrated to US 1907
Affiliation: Union of Russian Workers; IWW

Involved in radical political activity in Russia prior to his migration. Moved intermittently between the United States and Canada for work. In Seattle, he joined the Union of Russian Workers in 1917 and later became a member of the IWW in 1919. Arrested multiple times for radical activity beginning in 1917 and deported on February 1, 1921.

Sources: INS file 54235/94.

Maksim Chineyko (or Maxim Chinejko)

Born: 1890, Minsk, Russia (present-day Belarus)
Nationality: Russian
Ethnicity: Belarusian
Occupation: Laborer
Migration: Immigrated to US 1914
Affiliation: Union of Russian Workers

Became a member of the Brooklyn-based Branch No. 10 of the Union of Russian Workers. Arrested during the first Palmer Raids in November 1919 while working at the Guggenheim Copper Company in Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Deported on the Buford on December 21, 1919.

Sources: INS file 54709/117.

Lev Ilyich Chizhevsky (a.k.a. Leo Chijefsky)

Born: 1896, Minsk, Konotop, Russia (present-day Ukraine)
Nationality: Russian
Ethnicity: Jewish
Occupation: Laborer
Migration: Immigrated to US 1917
Affiliation: Union of Russian Workers

Brother of fellow URW member and deportee Stanislav Chizhevsky. Joined the Buffalo branch of the Union of Russian Workers, where he served as a distributor of anarchist literature. Arrested during the first Palmer Raids in November 1919 and deported on the Buford on December 21, 1919.

After returning to Russia, he continued his education and became an engineer at a paper mill. He later joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union but was arrested in April 1937 on charges of belonging to a counter-revolutionary organization and executed in September 1938.

Sources: INS file 54709/140; https://ru.openlist.wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B8%D1%87_(1896).

Stanislav Chizhevsky (a.k.a. Stanislaus Chijevsky)

Born: 1896, Russia
Nationality: Russian
Ethnicity: Jewish
Occupation: Laborer
Migration: Immigrated to US 1912
Affiliation: Union of Russian Workers

Brother of fellow URW member and deportee Lev Ilyich Chizhevsky. Joined the Buffalo branch of the Union of Russian Workers; arrested during the first Palmer Raids in November 1919 and deported on the Buford on December 21, 1919.

Sources: INS file 54709/141.

Victor Chmylkowski (or Charnelkowski)

Born: 1869, Riga, Russia (present-day Latvia)
Nationality: Russian
Ethnicity: Polish
Occupation: Mechanic
Migration: Immigrated to US 1907
Affiliations: Communist Party of America

Active in socialist and communist politics in Grand Rapids, Michigan, he was treasurer of Polish Branch No. 80 of the Communist Party. In 1914 he married fellow deportee Victoria Okulicz, and the couple had two U.S.-born children. Arrested in March 1920, Chmylkowski and his wife sold their property and “voluntarily departed” for Russia on April 7, 1921.

Sources: INS file 54859/528.

Victoria Chmylkowski (née Okulicz)

Born: 1893, Łęczyca, Russia (present-day Poland)
Nationality: Russian
Ethnicity: Polish
Occupation: Housewife
Migration: Immigrated to US 1913
Affiliation: Communist Party of America

Immigrated to the United States in 1913 and married fellow deportee Victor Chmylkowski the following year. She joined the Socialist Party and later the Polish Branch No. 80 of the Communist Party. Arrested alongside her husband in March 1920 and “voluntarily departed” for Russia with him on April 7, 1921.

Sources: INS file 54861/137.

Andrey Chuprina (a.k.a. Andrew)

Born: 1881, Kiev, Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine)
Nationality: Russian
Ethnicity: Ukrainian
Occupation: Laborer
Migration: Immigrated to US 1916 (via Canada)
Affiliation: Union of Russian Workers?

Settled in Detroit, where his wife and three children also resided. Arrested during the first Palmer Raids in November 1919 on suspicion of belonging to the Union of Russian Workers, though evidence suggests he may have only attended a few URW meetings. “Voluntarily departed” on September 25, 1920.

Sources: INS file 54709/551; FBI file OG 385742; United States Congress, Senate, Committee on the Judiciary, Charges of Illegal Practices of the Department of Justice.